By Dr. Alina Mugnani Deza – Specialist Ophthalmologist – Barraquer Eye Hospital
The rapid integration of digital learning into education has transformed how children access knowledge. While online schooling offers flexibility and continuity, growing evidence highlights its impact not only on visual development but also on children’s psychological well-being.
Extended screen exposure, combined with reduced time outdoors, has been identified as a key factor in the increasing prevalence of myopia (nearsightedness) among children. Today, digital devices are deeply embedded in daily life, many children now own personal smartphones or tablets, reshaping routines in ways that can affect both eye health and mental resilience.
From a clinical perspective, psychological factors play an important role in visual development. Stress, for instance, can lead to prolonged contraction of the eye’s focusing muscles, contributing to eye strain and potentially accelerating myopia progression. Children experiencing academic or emotional pressure may spend extended periods engaged in near work, often without adequate breaks.
Anxiety and low mood can further compound the issue. Children who feel withdrawn or overwhelmed may avoid outdoor activities, reducing exposure to natural light, an important protective factor for healthy eye growth. This pattern often leads to increased screen time, reinforcing a cycle of visual strain and emotional fatigue.
Sleep disruption is another critical concern. Excessive screen use, particularly in the evening, can interfere with sleep quality and limit the eyes’ ability to recover from daily strain. Poor sleep is also associated with irritability, reduced concentration, and heightened emotional sensitivity, all of which indirectly affect visual health.
“These factors do not exist in isolation,” explains Dr Alina. “There is a reciprocal relationship between mental well-being and eye health. Children with uncorrected vision problems may experience headaches or academic difficulties, which can increase stress and anxiety, further intensifying screen use and visual strain.”
Breaking this cycle requires a holistic approach. Barraquer recommends encouraging children to spend at least one to two hours outdoors daily, as exposure to natural light supports healthy eye development. Regular breaks from near work, such as following the 20-20-20 rule that can significantly reduce eye strain.
Structured screen time, appropriate lighting, and ergonomic study environments are equally important. Routine eye examinations allow for early detection of visual issues, while attention to emotional well-being helps address underlying stressors that may contribute to unhealthy visual habits.
“As digital learning continues to evolve, balance is essential,” adds Dr Alina. “By supporting both mental health and visual care, we can ensure children benefit from technology without compromising their long-term development.”
Barraquer remains committed to raising awareness of paediatric eye health and promoting strategies that protect children in an increasingly digital world.
